Clinical safety of dichlorvos (45%), cypermethrin (5%) and piperonyl butoxide (25%) administered by spray on the skin of cattle

Clinical safety of dichlorvos (45%), cypermethrin (5%) and piperonyl butoxide (25%) administered by spray on the skin of cattle

ABSTRACT

Objective. Due to the importance of controlling ectoparasites, associated with the necessity of technical knowledge on the safety of topical treatment with organophosphates, pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide to the animal organism, this bioassay was carried out to evaluate the clinical safety of the association of dichlorvos (45%) + cypermethrin (5%) + piperonyl butoxide (25%) administered by spray on the skin of cattle, through the study of clinical parameters, biochemical, haematological and behavioral changes. Materials and methods. Sixteen crossbred animals with a mean age of 18 months, males and females grouped into two treatments with eight animals each: T1 (1:800 v/v) and T2 (1:200 v/v). Were collected blood samples at six different times: before treatment (BT), 24, 48, 72, 96 and 192 hours post treatment (HPT). Results. The antiparasitic association administered by spray on the skin did not result in changes in the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP, as well as in serum albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, demonstrating the safety of this antiparasitic compound for maintaining hepatic and renal functionality. The erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet studies showed no changes caused by treatments, and no clinical signs and behavioral changes were observed after treatment. Conclusions. These findings demonstrated good safety margin for spray treatment on the skin with this antiparasitic compound, even when administered at a dilution of 1:200 v/v, which is four times the dose recommended for ectoparasite control.

1. Macedo MCM. Integração lavoura e pecuária: o estado da arte e inovações tecnológicas. Rev Bras Zoot 2009; 38 (Supl.):133-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982009001300015
3. Soares VE, Belo MAA, Rezende PB, Soccol VT, Fukuda RT, Oliveira GP, Costa AJ. Distribuition of Taenia saginata metacestodes: comparison of routine meat inspection and carcase dissection results in experimentally infected calves. Annals Trop Med Parasitol 2011; 105(5):393-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1364859411Y.0000000028
5. Soares VE, Belo MAA, Souza LM, Guiaro CR, Bortoletto-Neto O, Girio TMS. Associação de cipermetrina, diclorvos e butóxido de piperolina contra Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Arch Vet Sci 2009; 14(1):1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v14i1.12277
7. Belo MAA, Prado EJR, Soares VE, Souza LM, Mota FCC, Giamlorenço TF, Gírio TMS. Eficácia de diferentes formulações no controle da mosca Haematobia irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Biosci J 2012; 28(2):245-250.
9. Glantzounis GK, Salacinski HJ, Yang W, Davidson BR, Seifalian AM. The contemporary role of antioxidant therapy in attenuating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review. Liver Transplant 2005; 11:1031–1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.20504
11. Mudron P, Rehage J, Qualmann K, Sallmann HP, Scholz H. A study of lipid peroxidation and vitamin E in dairy cows with hepatic insufficiency. J Vet Med A 1999; 46:219–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00206.x
13. Varga A, Puschner B. Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. Vet Med: Res Reports 2012; 3:111–127.
15. Belo MAA, Souza LM, Soares VE, Sobreira MFR, Cassol DMS, Toma SB. Tratamento hepatoprotetor favorece a resposta leucocitária de ratos Wistar intoxicados por CCL4. Arch Vet Sci 2009; 14(2):74-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v14i2.12633
17. Belo MAA, Souza LM, Soares VE, Sobreira MFR, Cassol DMS, Toma SB. Hepatoprotective treatment attenuates oxidative damages induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2012; 64(3):155-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.001
19. Melo DO, Ribeiro E, Storpirtis S. A importância e a história dos estudos de utilização de medicamentos. Rev Bras Cienc Farm 2006; 42(4):475-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322006000400002
21. McGroth JC, Drummond GB, McLachlon EM, Kilkenny C, Wainwright CL. Guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals: the arrive guidelines. Brit J Pharmacol 2010; 160(7):1573-1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00873.x
23. Belo MAA, Souza DGF, Faria VP, Prado EJR, Moraes FR, Onaka EM. Haematological response of curimbas Prochilodus lineatus, naturally infected with Neoechinorhynchus curemai. J Fish Biol 2013; 82(4):1403-1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12060
25. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT software changes and enhancements though [computer program]. Release 8.2. Cary: SAS Institute; 2001.
27. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Iwoa, USA, 1980.
29. Scarpelli LC, Belo MAA, Souza LM, Sabatini GA, Costa AJ, Moraes FR. Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de bovinos submetidos a diferentes doses de sulfóxido de albendazole, ivermectin e abamectin. ARS Veterinária 1999; 15:57-62.
31. Bode G, Young JW, Beitz DC. Invited review: Pathology, etiology, prevention and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87(10):3015-3124.
33. Mathur S, Constable PD, Eppley RM, Waggoner AL, Tumbleson ME, Haschek WM. Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in milk-fed calves. Toxic Sci 2001; 60:385-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/60.2.385
35. Ohgi T, Kamimura S, Minezaki Y, Takahashi M. Relationship between fat accumulation in the liver and energy intake, milk fat yield and blood metabolites in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2005; 76(6):549-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00303.x
37. Grunwaldt EG, Guevara JC, Estevez OR, Vicente A, Rouselle H, Alcuten N, Aguerregaray D, Stasi CR. Biochemical and haematological measurements in beef cattle in Mendonza plain Rangelands (Argentina). Trop Anim Health Prod 2005; 37(6):527-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-2474-5
39. White WH, Hutchens DE, Jones C, Firkins LD, Paul AJ, Smith LL, Snyder DE. Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of spinosad applied as a pour-on or a topical spray against natural infestations of chewing and sucking lice on cattle. Vet Parasitol 2007; 143(3-4):329-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.037
41. Davey RB, George JE, Snyder DE. Efficacy of a single whole-body spray treatment of spinosad, against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle. Vet Parasitol 2001; 99(1): 41-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00456-3
43. Beyene T, Tesega B. Rational veterinary drug use: Its significance in public health. J Vet Med Anim Health 2014; 6(12):302-308.
45. Belo MAA, Schalch SHC, Moraes FR, Soares VE, Otoboni AM, Moraes JRE. Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and stoking density on macrophage recruitment and giant cell formation in the teleost fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus. J Comp Pathol 2005; 133(2-3):146-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.04.004
47. Sordillo LM, Aitken SL. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 128(1-3):104-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.305