Efecto de intervenciones musicoterapéuticas sobre prevención del delirium en UCI

Effect of music therapy interventions on delirium prevention in ICU

Objetivo: Identificar la efectividad de las intervenciones musicoterapéuticas sobre la prevención del delirium en individuos con factores de riesgo internos en la UCI, a favor de la modulación de constantes vitales, el menor requerimiento de Ventilación Mecánica Invasiva (VMI) y el bienestar de los participantes. Métodos: Esta investigación corresponde a un estudio pre-experimental, de carácter cualitativo, caracterizado por la aplicación de tests para delirium pre y post-intervención (CAM-ICU y equivalentes sonoromusicales), el registro de constantes vitales antes y después de la sesión, la determinación de la necesidad de VMI, la valoración de 6 categorías de análisis aplicables a cada sesión, la recolección de percepciones personales sobre la terapia y la valoración de productos sonoro-musicales. Resultados: Ninguno de los 7 participantes expuestos a la intervención presentó delirium (uno de ellos en estado post delirium), 6 de ellos no requirieron de VMI (excepto por un individuo que decidió retirarse del estudio con posterior necesidad de VMI) y se generaron 3 productos sonoromusicales que expusieron la búsqueda y alcance de bienestar en el transcurso de las sesiones. Conclusión: De dicha estrategia y su aplicación variada en cantidad, frecuencia y duración, se concluye que favorece la prevención del delirium en la UCI, disminuye, indirectamente, la necesidad de VMI y aporta positivamente al bienestar de los participantes; sin embargo, aún hay falta de consenso en cuanto a la dosificación de la terapia y existe la necesidad de más estudios con rigurosidad metodológica y su reproducción en otros escenarios clínicos.

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