Morphoagronomical characterization of 25 clones of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.), in conditions of the middle Sinú valley.

Caracterización morfoagronómica de 25 clones de estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.), en condiciones del valle del Sinú medio.

Stevia cultivation is a viable agricultural activity in Colombia and the Caribbean region, which is based on the Morita II clone, representing a high risk of biotic and abiotic factors. For this reason, the morphoagronomic characterization of 25 clones from the germplasm collection at the University of Córdoba is important in order to group them according to their genetic affinity, and to identify and select those with the best agronomic advantages. For this purpose, 19 morpho-agronomic descriptors were applied (11 quantitative and 8 qualitative); a dendrogram was performed using Ward's method to distinguish among groups and a multivariate analysis of principal components to identify the descriptors that contributed to variability. Two main components were identified, the first, contributing with 47,74% and the second with 21,67% of the total variation, supported by performance-related characters. Likewise, the identification of 6 late flowering clones, dry leaf production and erect growth habit, which is of interest to advance in genetic breeding programs in the species.

1. Abdelsalam, N., Haraz, A., Khalid, A., Saleh, M. y Elsheikh, A. 2016. Genetic Improvement through Selection of Different Stevia rebaudiana Genotypes. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal Vol 37(1), 10-25p. Doi: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2016.1902
2. Adewale, B., Okonj, C., Oyekanmi, A., Akintobi, D., y Aremu, C. 2010. Genotypic variability and stability of some grain yield components of cowpea. Afr J Agric Res Vol 5(9), 874-880p. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR09.481
3. Al-Taweel, S., Azzam, C., Khaled, K. y Abdel-Aziz, R. 2021. Improvement of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) and steviol glycoside through traditional breeding and biotechnological approaches. Journal of Breeding and Genetics Vol 53(1), 88-111p. https://tinyurl.com/83jfv4wv
4. Angelini L., Martini A., Passera, B. y Tavarini, S. 2018. Cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Associated Challenges. In: Mérillon JM., Ramawat K. (eds) Sweeteners. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-27027-2_8
5. Araméndiz, H. 2014. Descriptores para estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.). Mimografiado. Universidad de Córdoba. 4p.
6. Benelli, G., Pavela, R., Drenaggi, E., Maggi, F. y Desneux, N. 2020. Phytol, (E)-nerolidol and spathulenol from Stevia rebaudiana leaf essential oil as effective and eco-friendly botanical insecticides against metopolophium dirhodum. Industrial Crops and Products Vol 155(11). Doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112844
7. Clemente, C., Angelini, L., Ascrizzi, R. y Tavarini, S. 2021. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) as a multifunctional and sustainable crop for the mediterranean climate. Agriculture Vol 11(123), 1-17p. Doi: 10.3390/agriculture11020123
8. Correa, E., León, R., Lobato, M., García, M., Muñoz, C. y Araméndiz, H. 2019. Caracterización morfoagronómica de la colección de germoplasma de ají dulce (Capsicum spp.) del Caribe colombiano. Revista Temas Agrarios Vol 24(2), 81-95p. Doi: 10.21897/rta.v24i2.1998
9. Cosson, P., Hastoy, C., Errazzu, L., Budeguer, C., Boutié, P., Rolin, D. y Schurdi-Levraud1, V. 2019. Genetic diversity and population structure of the sweet leaf herb Stevia rebaudiana B., cultivated and landraces germplasm assessed by EST-SSRs genotyping and steviol glycosides phenotyping. Revista Plant Biology Vol 19 (436), 1-11p. Doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-2061-y
10. De Lima, O., Candeira, A. y Martínez, Z. 2004.Sistemas de Produção Estévia. Embrapa, Dourados, p43-46. https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/103385/1/SP5-2004.pdf
11. Debnath, M., Ashwath, N. y Midmore, D. 2019. Physiological and morphological responses to abiotic stresses in two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni. South African Journal of Botany Vol 123(1), 124-132p. Doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.025
12. Duran, S., Rodríguez, M., Cordón, K. y Record, J. 2012. Estevia (Stevia rebaudiana), edulcorante natural y no calórico. Revista Chil. Nutr. Vol 39(4), 203-206p. Doi:10.4067/S0717-5182012000400015
13. Egbadzor, K., Ofori, K., Yeboah, M., Aboagye, L., Opoku-Agyeman, M., Danquah, E. y Offei, S. 2014. Diversity in 113 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) accessions assessed with 458 SNP markers. Springerplus Vol 3(541), 1-15p. Doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-541
14. Francisco, F., Pinto, G., Pereira, M., Kanis, L. y Deschamps, C. 2018. Characterization of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni accessions cultived in southern Brazil. Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10(3), 353-363p. Doi:10.5539/jas.v10n3p353
15. Gerrano, A., Adebola, P., Rensburg, W. y Laurie, S. 2015. Genetic variability in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes. South African Journal of Plant and Soil Vol 32(3), 165-174p. Doi: 10.1080 / 02571862.2015.1014435
16. Guerrero, D., Bär, A., Kryvenki, M. y Domínguez, M. 2015. Evaluación morfológica y fenológica de 10 clones de yerba dulce (Stevia rebaudiana) según el tiempo térmico. Revista Investig. Agrop. Vol 41(3), 317-324p. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=86443147015
17. Hastoy, C., Cosson, P., Cavaignacc, S., Boutieb, P., Teguod, P., Rolina, D. y Schurdi, V. 2019. Deciphering performances of fifteen genotypes of Stevia rebaudiana in southwestern France through dry biomass and steviol glycoside evaluation. Revista Industrial Crops and Products Vol 128(1), 607-619p. Doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.053
18. Hastoy, C. 2018. Caractérisation de la variabilité phénotypique de ressources génétiques de Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni): analyse des composantes du rendement et critères de sélection en condition de production. Tesis doctoral, Sciences agricoles. Université de Bordeaux. Francia.
19. Hernández, J., Combatt, E., Jarma, A., Polo, J. y Rodríguez, L. 2016. Rendimiento y calidad de hojas de Stevia rebaudiana Bert. bajo la oferta edafológica y dos niveles de radiación en cinco regiones de Colombia. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica Vol 19(1), 77-85p. https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/112/1311
20. Huber, B. y Wehner, T. 2021. Performance of 16 Stevia rebaudiana seed cultigens for glycosides and yield in North Carolina.Revista Scientia Horticulturae, Vol 277(109803). Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109803
21. IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales). 2017. Registros anuales de variables climatológicas, estación Turipaná-Cereté. https://tinyurl.com/3vzfc6cw
22. Jarma, A., Combatt, E. y Jaraba, J. 2020. Growth and development of Stevia rebaudiana Bert., in high and low levels of radiation. Current Plant Biology Vol 22(1), 1-5p. Doi: 10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100144
23. Jarma, A., Rengifo, T. y Araméndiz, H. 2005. Aspectos fisiológicos de estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) en el Caribe colombiano: I. Efecto de la radiación incidente sobre el área foliar y la distribución de biomasa. Agronomía Colombiana Vol 23(2), 207-216p. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/agc/v23n2/v23n2a03.pdf
24. Kumari, N., Raina, R. y Sharma, Y. 2018. Interpopulation variations in morphochemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Turkish Journal of Botany Vol 42(4), 491-501p. Doi: 10.3906/bot-1712-26
25. Mahajan, M.y Pal, P. 2021. Attaining higher biomass and steviol glycosides yields of Stevia rebaudiana through adjustment of plant population and nitrogen rate. Industrial Crops and Products Vol 165(2). Doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113426
26. Munz, S., Präger, A., Merkt, N., Claupeina , W. y Graeff-Hönninger, S. 2018. Leaf area index, light interception, growth and steviol glycoside formation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under field conditions in southwestern Germany. Industrial Crops and Products Vol 111(1), 520–528p. Doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.021
27. Othman, H., Osman, M. y Zainuddin, Z. 2018. Genetic variabilities of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivated in Malaysia as revealed by morphological, chemical and molecular characterizations. Revista Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40(2), 267-283p. Doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.021
28. Palencia, G., Mercado, T. y Combatt, E. 2006. Estudio Agroclimático del Departamento de Córdoba. Gráficas del Caribe. Montería. p17. ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/333356934_Estudio_Agroclimatico_del_Departamento_de_Cordoba
29. Parris, C., Shock, C. y Qian, M. 2016. Dry leaf and steviol glycoside productivity of Stevia rebaudiana in the Western United States. HortScience Vol 51(10), 1220-1227p. Doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI11149-16
30. Rachmawati, D. y Asiyah, I. 2017. Response and stevioside levels of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) grown at different light intensity and water availability. Journal Pak. J. Bot. Vol 49(5), 1689-1695p. https://tinyurl.com/nnfchnef
31. R Development Core Team. 2015. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Version. 3.2.2. http://www.r-project.org/.
32. Singh, M., Saharan, V., Rajpurohit, D., Sen, Y., Sharma, A. y Joshi, A. 2017. Criteria for selection of superior Stevia rebaudiana plant for propagation establishment. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Vol 6(4), 1362-1365p. Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25023.36005
33. Srivastava, S. 2014. Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and biochemical aspects of medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana. Life Sciences Leaflets Vol 49, 35-43p. https://tinyurl.com/dcyu5bpp
34. Tang, H., Tie, M., Luo, Q., Zhu, Y., Lai, J. y Li, H. 2012. A Review of Molecular Makers Applied in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) (Review) Breeding. Journal of Life Sciences Vol 6(11), 1190-1199p. https://tinyurl.com/2aekcbzb
35. Tateo, F., Mariotti, M., Bononi, M., Lubian, E., Martello, S. y Cornara, L. 1998. Stevioside content and morphological variability in a population of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni from Paraguay. Revista Italian Journal of Food Science Vol 10(3), 261-267p.
36. Terzic, S., Atlagic, J., Maksimovic, I., Zeremski, T., Zoric, M., Miklic, V. y Balalic, I. 2012. Genetic variability for concentrations of essential elements in tubers and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Revista Scientia Horticulturae Vol 36(1), 135-144p. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.016
37. Vaghela, S. y Soni, A. 2020. Comprehensive overview of Stevia rebaudiana and its secondary metabolite sweeteners. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi Vol 13(2), 26-138p. https://tinyurl.com/3366apbz
38. Xiang, Z., Tang, X., Liu, W. y Song, Ch. 2019. A comparative morphological and transcriptomic study on autotetraploid Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) and its diploid. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Vol 143(1), 154-164p. Doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.003.
39. Yadav, A., Singh, S., Dhyani, D. y Ahuja, P. 2011. A review on the improvement of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol 91(1), 1-27p. Doi: 10.4141/cjps10086