Effect of tillage and management of organic materials on some physical and chemical properties of a vertic endoaquept at sinu valley, Córdoba Colombia

Efecto de labranza y manejo de materiales orgánicos sobre algunas propiedades físicas y químicas de un vertic endoaquept del valle del Sinú, Córdoba Colombia

The effect of three tillage systems and three sources of organic matter on some physical and chemical properties of a Vertic Endoaquept soil, and yield corn (Zea mays L) and cotton (Gosypium hirsutum L) was evaluated. The tillage systems were: conventional, vertical till with chisel plow, and direct sowing. The sources of organic matter (MO) were crop residues (RC), RC+ poultry litter and RC+plus manure. The physical properties evaluated were: bulk density (Da), total porosity (PT), mechanical resistance to penetration of roots (RMP), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Chemical properties such organic matter contents (MO), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After two years of management, the results showed that changes produced by tillage system on the physical properties (Da, PT, RMP and Ks) were temporary, because at the end of the crops cycle significant difference were not registrated (P≥0,05). The MO increased from 2,24% to 2,67, 2,89 and 2,98% when were applied crops residues, poultry litter and manure respectively. In the same order the P increased from 25,4 ppm to 173,1, 229,9 and 202,9 ppm. Significant differences (P≤0,05) were registered in yield cotton and corn crops in the second year. In Corn, supply of poultry litter and manure yield 7450 and 7363 kg ha^-1 compared to 6904 kg ha^-1 with only crop residues. In cotton, the highest yields were observed with applications of poultry litter and manure with 3255 and 3131 kg ha^-1 respectively. Addition of OM increased yield and the levels of OM in the soil.

1. Amézquita, E. 1998. Propiedades físicas de los suelos de los llanos orientales y sus requerimientos de labranza. Memorias I. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Villavicencio, p145-174.
2. Bauder, A., Black, A.L. 1981. Soil carbon , nitrogen, and bulk density comparison in two cropland tillage systems after 25 years and in virgin grassland. SoilSci. Soc. Am. J. 45: 1166-1170.
3. Bayer C, Martin-Neto L, Mielniczuk J, Pillon CN, Sangoi L. 2001. Changes in soil organic matter fractions under subtropical no-till cropping systems.Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65: 1473-1478.
4. Blevins, R.L., Thomas, G.W., Smith, M.S., Frye, W.W., Cornelius, P.L. 1983. Changes in soil properties after 10 years continuous no-tilled and conventionally tilled corn. SoilTill. Res. 3: 135-146.
5. Bonilla, R. y Murillo, J. 1998. Desarrollo de sistemas de manejo para la recuperación de suelos compactados de los departamentos de la Guajira, Cesar y Magdalena. Memorias I. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Villavicencio, p195-204.
6. Bonilla, R. y Vanegas, N. 1998. Efecto de sistemas de labranza sobre las propiedades físicas y producción del algodonero en suelos compactados del valle del Cesar. Memorias I. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Villavicencio, p205-206.
7. Chan, K.Y., Heenan, D.P. 1993. Surface hydraulic properties of a Red Earth under continuous cropping with different management practices.Aust. J. Soil Res. 31: 13-24
8. Carrie A, Laboski M, Lamb JA. 2003. Changes in soil test phosphorus concentration after application of manure or fertilizer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67: 544-554.
9. Coile, T.S. 1936. Soil samplers.Soil Sci.42: 139-141. Dao, Thant H., 1993. Tillage and winter wheat residue management effects on water infiltration and storage.SoilSci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 1586-1595.
10. García, J. y Durán, R. 1998. Evaluación de varios sistemas de labranza en un suelo algodonero del valle del Cesar. Memorias I. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Villavicencio, p241-257.
11. García, J. 1991. Efectos del laboreo en algunas propiedades físicas de los suelos del valle medio del Sinú. RevistaSuelosEcuatoriales 21 (1): 51-54.
12. Gómez, J.A., Giráldez, J.V., Pastor, M., Fereres, E. 1999. Effects of tillage method on soil physical properties, infiltration and yield in an olive orchard.SoilTill. Res. 52:167-175.
13. Grandet, G. 2001. Evaluación de las propiedades físicas de los suelos de varias fincas agrícolas del Sinú medio. Mineografiado, p46.
14. Green CJ, Blackmer AM. 1995. Residue descomposition effect on nitrogen availability to corn following corn or soybean. Soil Sci Soc. Am. J. 59: 1056-1070
15. Heard, J.R., Kladivko, E.J., Mannering, J.V. 1988. Soil macroporosity, hydraulic conductivity and air permeability of silty soil under long-term conservation tillage in Indiana.SoilTill. Res. 11: 1-18.
16. IGAC. 1990. Métodos analíticos del Laboratorio de Suelos. Quinta edición. IGAC. Bogotá, p 502.
17. Kribaa, M., Hallaire, V., Curmi, P., Lahmar, R. 2001. Effect of various cultivation methods on the structure and hydraulic properties of a soil in a semi–arid climate. Soil Till. Res. 60, 43-53.
18. Lal, R., Logan, T.J., Fausey, N.R., Eckert. D.J. 1989. Long-term tillage and well traffic effects on a poorly drained MollicOchraqualf in northwest Ohio. SoilTill. Res.14, 341-358.
19. Lora, R.1998. Propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo.Memorias I. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Villavicencio, p15-38.
20. Martínez, J.; Sánchez, C.; Roveda, G.; y Arrieta, A. 2003. Efecto de los sistemas de labranza sobre algunas propiedades hidrofísicas en un Endoaquept del sistema de producción maíz-algodón en el valle medio del Sinú. Memorias II. Encuentro Nacional de Labranza de Conservación, Villavicencio, p143-157.
21. Moreno, F., Pelegrin, F., Fernández, J.E. Murillo, J.M. 1997. Soil physics properties, water depletion and crops developments under traditional and conservation tillage in southern Spain. Soil Till. Res. 41, 25-42.
22. Motta, A. C. V., Reeves, D. W., Feng, Y., Burmester, C., and Raper, R.L. 2001. Management systems to improve soil quality for cotton production in a degraded silt loam soil in Alabama (USA) In: I World Congress on Conservation Agriculture. p219-222.
23. Perroux, K.M., White, I. 1988. Designs for disc permeameters. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52, 1205-1215.
24. Reddy, K.C., Nyakatawa, E.Z., and Malik, R.K. 2001. Strategies to Sustain Cotton Production Systems in SE USA.In: I World Congress on Conservation Agriculture. p533-537.
25. Roth, C.H., Meyer, B., Frede, G.J., Derpsch, R. 1988. Effect of mulch rates and tillage systems on infiltrability and other soil physical properties of an Oxisol in Parana, Brasil.Soil Till. Res. 11, 81-91.
26. USDA. 1999. Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/Soil_ Taxonomy/tax.pdf [12 Julio de 2010].