Formación in vitro de rizomas en caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) y recuperación de plantas

Arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) in vitro rhizome formation and plantlet recovery

La caña flecha Gynerium sagitatum Aubl. (Poaceae) es una especie de gran importancia ambiental, cultural y económica para ciertas comunidades indígenas del Norte de Colombia, empleando su fibra en la fabricación apreciables artesanías. La cosecha de la planta y la no reposición de esta, viene contribuyendo en la disminución de poblaciones naturales de la esta especie. La micropropagación ha emergido como una de las la única posibilidades de producir de forma eficiente material vegetal para el establecimiento de cultivos y restaurar zonas afectadas. Con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia económica del protocolo de micropropagación, estructuras del tipo rizomas fueron inducidas in vitro a partir de explantes consistentes de plantas stablecidas in vitro bajo tres niveles de sacarosa, cuatro de benzilaminopurina – BAP y cuatro de ácido abscísico – ABA en MS con (en mg L-1) myo-inositol (100), tiamine HCL (0,4) y solidificados con Phytagel® (3.000). Los tratamientos (48) fueron distribuidos con un diseño completamente al azar con seis repeticiones por tratamiento. Los cultivos fueron mantenidos durante ocho semanas a 25 °C con 12 h de fotoperíodo (40 μmol fotones m-2 s-1) suministrada con lámparas de luz fría fluorescente. Diferencias estadísticas se observaron con respecto al número de rizomas formados y longitud de los rizomas como efecto de la interacción de los tres factores. La recuperación de las plantas ex vitro ocurrió en mayor número (6,0) cuando los rizomas se desarrollaron en medios suplidos con 263000 µM de sacarosa combinado con 4,44 y 8,88 µM de Benzilaminopurina – BAP. Los resultados evidencian la posibilidad de inducir in vitro rizomes de caña flecha para ser utilizados en conservación y propagación de esta especie.

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