Identificación de microorganismos asociados al suelo, sustrato y agua de un sistema productivo de Cannabis sativa L.

Identification of microorganisms associated with the soil, substrate and water of a Cannabis sativa L. production system.

El cultivo de cannabis medicinal ha tomado una gran importancia en los últimos años en Colombia y en otros países de Latinoamérica. Dadas las características de producción del cultivo, que se basa fundamentalmente en modelos orgánicos, es importante conocer los microorganismos que acompañan el sistema de producción y sus posibles implicaciones en el manejo. En este trabajo se aislaron y caracterización los microorganismos en las diferentes fases de producción de un cultivo de cannabis en alta densidad: plantulación, o áreas de propagación, lotes de producción y las áreas de poscosecha (presecado de flor); en cada una de estas áreas se tomaron muestras de: suelo, sustratos y agua y se identificaron los microorganismos presentes, por siembra directa en medios de cultivos, empleando identificación microscópica y caracterización
molecular. Se encontró una alta diversidad en todas las áreas de producción y se evidenció que los microorganismos benéficos (Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp.) aplicados al sistema productivo ayudan a regular las poblaciones de los
microorganismos en el suelo y en lo sustratos. Se identificó que la perlita y la fibra de coco favorecen el desarrollo de las poblaciones de microorganismos solubilizadores de fósforo y fijadores de nitrógenoy que la producción de compost a partir de los desechos del cultivo es fitosanitariamente seguro. No se identificó en ninguna de las muestras evaluadas poblaciones de patógenos en niveles que pudieran explicar la presencia de enfermades en el cultivo.

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