Biocontrol de Fusarium spp. en el cultivo de vainilla: Un nuevo modelo de estudio

Biocontrol against Fusarium spp. in vanilla crop: A new study model

El control biológico es una opción potencial y sostenible para tratar las problemáticas de producción y rendimiento de cultivos afectados por insectos o microorganismos patógenos. En el cultivo de vainilla, la obtención del aroma natural presente en sus frutos está limitada, principalmente, por enfermedades bióticas que afectan la planta en cultivo comercial. La principal enfermedad presente el cultivo de vainilla es la pudrición de raíces y tallos, causada por F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae y F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. En este sentido, se encontró que el uso de hongos endófitos (HE) aislados de plantas sanas o asintomáticas como potenciales agentes de control biológico, requiere una investigación sistemática para la selección de las especies más eficaces en el control de patógenos, en especial es este cultivo. Dado que no hay evidencia de reportes al respecto, a pesar de que el uso de estos microorganismos es una alternativa natural implementada en otros cultivos, frente a los agroquímicos contaminantes y ampliamente usados en la agricultura tradicional. De esta manera, esta revisión aborda la perspectiva y plantea la necesidad de líneas de investigación sobre el uso potencial de hongos endófitos como agentes de control biológico de patógenos fungosos en plantas cultivadas, haciendo énfasis sobre la relación Hongos endófitos-Vanilla- Fusarium patogénico. 

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