Efecto de la solarización en patógenos fungosos que afectan al Eucalipto (Eucalyptus urograndis) en condiciones de vivero

Effect of solarization on fungal pathogens affecting Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) under nursery conditions.

Eucalyptus es el género de árboles de madera dura más cultivado mundialmente, valorado por su rendimiento y la calidad de la madera para múltiples usos; sin embargo, los patógenos como Rhizoctonia y Cylindrocladium ponen en riesgo el establecimiento del cultivo, debido a que causan muerte de plántulas en vivero. Dentro de las estrategias de manejo se recomienda la desinfección del sustrato, siendo la solarización una alternativa eficaz para el manejo de hongos del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue verificar la sobrevivencia de Rhizoctonia spp. y Cylindrocladium spp. en un sustrato de vivero sometido a solarización. El sustrato fue inoculado con dos aislamientos fúngicos (Rhizoctonia spp. y Cylindrocladium spp.) a tres profundidades (5, 10 y 15 cm), y tratados con tres métodos de solarización (Libre exposición, solarización y solarización + dazomet). Se midió la sobrevivencia de los patógenos en el sustrato a los 15, 30 y 55 días después de la inoculación, y la temperatura a 10 y 15 cm de profundidad. La solarización por sí sola no tuvo efecto sobre la mortalidad de los patógenos. La solarización más dazomet disminuyó la presencia de los hongos en un 100% en todos las profundidades y tiempos de evaluación. Los tratamientos solarizados aumentaron la temperatura del sustrato en 49 y 40°C a 10 y 15 cm de profundidad, respectivamente, con un incremento de 10 y 7°C respecto al testigo. Por tanto, la solarización más la aplicación de dazomet puede emplearse como método de desinfección de sustratos en vivero de Eucalipto.

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